Thrax, the name of the city to which Palaemon exiles Severian, is also the Latin name for Thrace. Alice Turner mentioned this in her mapping of the geography of Urth onto Earth (http://www.urth.net/urth/archives/v0001/0002.shtml). Thrax was also the name of a son of Ares.
Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus Thrax, a.k.a. Maximinus the Thracian, rose from common birth to become emperor of Rome in the third century, A.D. Disreputable ancient historians claim him a giant, over eight feet tall, known to eat forty pounds of meat in a day. "[H]is thumb was so huge that he used his wife's bracelet for a ring". He was intelligent and a notably good military commander. During a war against the Gauls, the legions mutinied, slew the reigning emperor, and proclaimed Maximinus the new emperor.
I'm thinking of Baldanders, of course, but I don't recall anything in BotNS that would clinch this as a connection.
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Maximini_duo*.html
Images of Maximinus Thrax http://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?topic=28983.msg188068#msg188068