Gnosticism in BotNS

The topic of gnosticism has come up before, but I couldn't recall some of the other clues to its conscious presence as an underpinning to BotNS. I stumbled on it in looking into the tribade matter. Claw, chapter 10, Vodalus: " ... No, we are not diminished in wisdom. We are diminished in power. Study has advanced without letup, but even as men have learned all that is needful for mastery, the strength of the world has been exhausted. We exist now, and precariously, upon the ruin of those who preceded us. While some skim the air in their fliers, ten thousand leagues in a day, we others creep upon the skin of Urth, unable to go from one horizon to the next before the westernmost has lifted itself to veil the sun. You spoke a moment ago of checkmating that mewling fool the Autarch. I want you to conceive now of two autarchs two great powers striving for mastery. The white seeks to maintain things as they are, the black to set Man's foot on the road to domination again. I called it the black by chance, but it would be well to remember that it is by night that we see the stars strongly; they are remote and all but invisible in the red light of day. Now, of those two powers, which would you serve?" This is classic gnostic imagery. Since gnosticism posits a false local Creator and a true universal Creator, Vodalus seems to align himself with true knowledge. However. his knowledge is probably to be regarded as false, if not Satanic, even though the true god is more like the hidden one than like the light-of-day one. We could probably usefully compare the libertines' anticipation of sexual experience through the alzabo with Severian's mastery of self through the alzabo. Severian supplants and supercedes both autarchs by conciliating between their desires for Man. Remember the inscription in the mausoleum: Look, and See. God must be sought, not received. The Conciliator also is associated with gnostic imagery (the Black Sun). Silk, in promoting the Outsider, plays a similar role. So Wolfe basically uses gnostic imagery, I think, to create a tension between failed approaches to the Increate that is resolved by the "proper" approach. Something like that.

This is the main thing I get out of the Gnostic theology I've looked into. It strikes me that people critiquing it as mere "duality" is a bit off base. I think, at a really simple level, it's saying "Align yourself to the true God, and not this False Creator and his limited creation." Which definitely jibes with the way Wolfe uses this imagery. Of course, The Long Sun is a perfect metaphor of this idea. A false God and his little dominion. ~witz

Gnosticism was influenced by Zoroastrianism, which is Manichaean, so it's certainly dualistic. But to Wolfe, one way is not better than the other, or any other way. All paths are potential paths to leaving the false and finding the good and true. Severian's interest in Vodalism certainly makes him a Seeker for Truth, even if Vodalus himself is false. The gnostic "option," I think, is simply a powerful way of suggesting that goal directly. That's why I like the sun/stars imagery---we think we see more in the day, but of course we don't see very far. The stars are there---if you look. Every hero and every human being has to discover for him or herself what is true and what it false, and frequently what seems true is false, and the reverse. So the main point is just that you look---look beyond what is obvious, consider that there may be data you are not factoring into your analysis.

This is a popular idea, but not a true one: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism is, in fact, the oldest of what are called the monotheistic religions. Wolfe is aware of this. Latro is a sworn follower of the Great King who is (not coincidentally) a follower of the One True God. This, of course, has nothing to do at all with the discussion of gnosticism in the BotNS. .

Backwards. Manichaeanism was influenced by Zoroastrianism, because it was a Persian form of gnosticism. Gnosticism actually applies to lots of syncretic religious beliefs that flourished around the Levant and Fertile Crescent areas. There are several different strains, such as Greek/Egyptian (which was in turn heavily influenced by Hellenstic philosophy, in particular neoplatonism) and Aryan/Persian, which borrowed more from Eastern mystical traditions. I think that while there are several gnostic-like ideas in the Solar Cycle, Wolfe seemingly pirated lots of obscure beliefs from that region, like kabbalah as well (Briah, Yesod, etc.) as well as Judeo-Christian mystic traditions.

On a more prosaic note I'll point out that in Severian's boyhood visit to the Witches Tower he sees, "Gnostic designs in white, green and purple had been chalked on the walls.." perhaps more on that later. -bsharp

Which makes one wonder where Severian learned a word like "gnostic," since his world seems to be rather unitary in terms of religious diversity. 2009/4/8 b sharp <bsharporflat at hotmail.com>:

Remember, it's Wolfe's future vocabulary. "Gnostic" here, at least to Severian, is probably synonymous with "occult"--the symbols are mysterious, understood or intelligible only to an initiated few. Of course, *Wolfe *probably wants to evoke Gnosticism even though Severian has no such thought.

Hello!

Each of the ancient religions even somewhat popular in the West has two versions: the version believed by the traditional members, and the version believed in by the Western converts. The Western version is obviously the original, true religion, freed from the accumulated mistakes of centuries. Zoroastrianism in the Western, true and original version is monotheistic. Zoroastrianism as believed in by Persians and Parsees is very much dualistic. Manicheism, and all other versions of Iranian gnosis is also dualistic. Syrian and Egyptian Gnosis is fundamentally monist, with the Demiurg being a fallen being of the Light.

Not the Persians or the Parsees that I have talked to, or the ones who maintain this webpage: http://tenets.zoroastrianism.com/qstns33.html Excerpt: To Zarathushtra, Ahura Mazda is "vispanam Datarem" = CREATOR OF ALL (G.Y. 44:7), and hence the sole and supreme master of ALL that exists. Undoubtedly, MONOTHEISM is the first article of faith in the revelation of Zarathushtra. The manifested creation is dualistic, but the Godhead is monotheistic. All the sacred Zarathushtrian religious texts live, breathe and preach the strictest monotheism. Ahura Mazda is described as the One And Only Creator (“Boon-e Stih”), the Lord Of All (“Harveshp-Khuda”), the End Of All (“Frakhtan-teh”), the Cause Of All Causes (“Jamag”), the Causeless (“A-chem”), Without Any Partner (“Aekh-tan”), One Alone (“A-dui”), and the Master Of The Universe (“Khudavand”). In the religion of Zarathushtrian there is absolutely nothing which does not unerringly refer back to Ahura Mazda. Everything that exists is a CREATION of Ahura Mazda who stands solitary and supreme at the apex of the universe. Even the angelic beings known as Yazatas, exalted though they are, are but the creations of Ahura Mazda, directly owing to Him their existence and power. At the start of every Niyaesh and Yasht addressed to these divinities Ahura Mazda is remembered first in the dedicatory formula: "Khshnaothra Ahurahe Mazdao!" = To the glory of Ahura Mazda! And this is quickly followed up by: "Pa name Yazdan Ahuramazda Khodae awazuni, gorje khoreh awazayad!" = I pray in the name of Yazdan, the Lord God Ahura Mazda, the Beneficent; may His glory and His radiance be ever increased! It is only after these introductory expressions of fidelity and devotion to Ahura Mazda that the main body of the prayer addressed to the Yazata concerned commences. .

The clarification is not inappropriate. Although I'm not sure where the idea comes from that people think Zoroastrianism is dualistic. Most people have never heard of it. "Manichaean," however, is a synonym for "dualistic." Manichaeism (Manichean Zoroastrianism) was at least as common as traditional Zoroastrianism by Roman times and was famously dualistic, and was a strong influence on early Christianity and the Christian gnostics, just as non-gnostic and non-dualistic Zoroastrianism was earlier an influence on Judaism. That was my point. Traditional Zoroastrianism itself has nothing to do with the topic. Lane's clarification is even more apropos. I had no idea I had stumbled into a hotbed of non-Christian religionologists. I won't dumb it down nest time. But I have used "gnosticism" in the very general layman's sense reflected in Lane's comment that Wolfe pirated a number of obscure beliefs. A number of beliefs may be described as "gnostic." It is impossible to characterize gnosticism as a uniform belief system, and I don't intend to try. (Nor am I only interested in Christian gnosticism.) I think it's more useful to refer to a set of beliefs, motifs, images, and symbols as "gnostic" and leave it at that.

My understanding was that the Parsees' religion doesn't exactly correspond to Zoroastrianism as practiced 5,000 or so years ago (or whatever the exact figure is), whichever one is deemed "true." You wouldn't expect it to. It could easily have absorbed common, simple concepts like dualism; it would have been difficult to preserve perfectly. But you're right: who studies this but Western scholars with a vested interest? Or was that not a bit of snark I detected? ;)

Well, not all Zoroastrians left Iran (let alone Greater Iran). The ones that went to India became the Parsis: there are still some tens of thousands of Zoroastrians in Iran, and thousands in Afghanistan, Tajikistan and others of the stans (all of those countries named stan used to be part of the Persian Empire. The Persian Empire was a huge deal for a very long time, and maybe will be again). These various communities have all intercommunicated and intermarried to some extent right along in there. There are and have been various trends within Zoroastrianism as you would expect from any multiple thousands of years old religion: the wiki article summarizes them well. Zoroastrians are a lot like Jews in that they love to fight over theology, and they call each other names with a will, but they rarely kill each other over such questions, at least in recent centuries. .