As a Catholic research physicist, theological science fiction has long been an interest of mine. I have toyed with teaching a course on the topic but am not sure if I am competent to do so (I have only an undergraduate major in theology and no graduate training in literature or theology).
I wouldn't quite go with the two choices you select for priests in SF (affirmation/debunking). When I think about it , I first think about the "author's cosmology" first -
(1) There is a transcendent being/reality.
(a) It agrees to some degree with the character's religious views.
(b) It contradicts the character's religious views.
(2) There is no transcendent being.
(a) The protagonist goes through some sort of spiritual crisis.
(b) The protagonist struggles against those who mistakenly think there is.
(3) The author leaves it ambiguous.
Stories of the 1a variety are not always happy - James Blish's "Black Easter," for example. One of my favorite type (3)'s is Blish's "A Case of Conscience." An example of 1b is Phillip Farmer's "Mask of Chaos," in which the characters vie for influence on a sort of universe-consciousness that is only starting to come to sentience.
Anyway, I have a lot of collections/novels in this vein. Has anyone organized a course around such ideas?
Kieran Mullen