# Short Story 61*: Civus Laputus Sum *The Urth list — 11 messages, 6 voices, 29 Apr 2014* > Exported from an unofficial mirror of a public mailing list. Copyright > in each message remains with the person who wrote it. > Email addresses are obscured as `user at host`, the form the original > archive published. This file was rebuilt from parsed fields rather than > retained headers, so it is faithful in content but not byte-exact. --- ### Marc Aramini *29 Apr 2014, 18:33* * "Forlesen", number 60 needs a bit more polish but I will finish it. I am skipping ahead temporarily. Also testing this new email - hope it is not spammed. “Civis Laputus Sum” appeared in *Dystopian Visions* in 1975 and is reprinted in *Storeys from the Old Hotel*. The wolfe-wiki does an excellent job in identifying several of the references, but I want to take a closer look at the symbolism of the whales' heads in the chapters of *Moby Dick*Jeremy has memorized, as I believe those heads map to Stursa and Jeremy pretty perfectly. SUMMARY: Our narrator Jeremy, a scholar on a floating island university consisting of literary academics called Disagreeables and aging athletes called Blazers, finds a book which has escaped the burning and purging of many other volumes. He sits down to read it and begins to talk to it (or rather, its long gone author). His place on the edge of the floating island, hidden behind the hawthorns, is seldom visited by anyone because of the proximity to the drop — the Blazers fear their balls might be thrown over. Below, fog has covered the earth. The majority of books have been burned long ago and the library space used for games. One of the antigravity units is failing and causes the island to list and sway — it's failure is considered inevitable. The university was launched probably 15 years before this point from Philadelphia, and the academics continue to hold their sterile meetings and have memorized *Moby Dick. *As Jeremy talks with Marcia, an aging athlete trips and falls, almost hitting them. His fellow Blazers jeer and laugh at him. As they attend their scholarly meeting, Stursa, the aging athlete, shows up. Jeremy then finds his book in the basement of the library where it escaped incineration and goes to read it, and Stursa comes to speak to him. There, the attempted reconciliation by Stursa for their youthful disagreement, in which Stursa threw Jeremy into a bush, proceeds. Jeremy seizes the opportunity to tell Stursa they need a man to play Queequeeg in their existential adaptation of Moby Dick, with the fog bound earth being the Whale itself and the island as the ship. Jeremy will play Ishmael, and he brings up the scene where Queequeeg must bravely dangle on the side of the ship. He can finally have Stursa at his mercy, where he can cut him free and send him to his doom — the only question remains: “Should I show [Stursa] the knife?” COMMENTARY: It does seem that the books are utilized for fuel or for some purpose in keeping them aloft — while both factions are somewhat juvenile and less than adult, the lack of practicality and passion found in the Disagreeables, from the motley one eyed lens of Marcia to the dispassionate recital of scholarly work to which only Stursa listens attentively, would seem to indicate that there is a practical reason for the burning to which they object. In addition, the adequate food stores and the relative emptiness of the island indicates that use of library space is not the primary issue. It seems that they are burning them gradually, as there are still personal books to read. The poem Marcia writes that flatters Jeremy as the “iron watcher” posits what life is like below: “What do they do in the fog-locked cities, in the dripping towns of Rome and Albuquerque and Damascus” There is vegetation, says one who watches — the iron observer of the stone bench — Through the parting mists he has seen great trees. Always great trees. Perhaps the atmosphere is no longer suited to humanity, but will bring about a world perfect for giant vegetation. Jeremy paraphrases the rest of her poem, which no one listens to, in which the mist is compared to a bridal veil like that around Venus. LITERARY REFERENCES: Marcia carries a tome by Ezra Pound, Elizabeth Barrett is mentioned, and Dostoevsky, Turgenev, Twain, Dickens, Orwell, and Agee are listed as being cast already into the fire. Of course Laputa in the title references the floating island of impractical scholars in Gulliver's Travels. The whole situation of choosing to memorize works against the threat of their burning is of course straight from Bradbury's *Fahrenheit 451*. Let us take a look at the actual chapters Jeremy's responsibility was to learn: MOBY-DICK: Jeremy has memorized chapters 71-75, and these are directly relevant to the characters' positions, literally and symbolically. Chapter 71 involves the Pequod encountering the Jeroboam, which has been overcome by a possibly insane man who proclaims himself to be the angel Gabriel. He has taken over the ship and his prophecy of doom proved correct for their captain. When Ahab attempts to deliver a letter to the Jeroboam, which has been stricken with plague, Gabriel returns it at knife point to Ahab, declaring that his obsession with Moby Dick will cost him to be cast into the same depths as the Jeroboam's captain. Chapter 72 involves the monkey rope that will tie Queequeeg and Ishmael together, and it is on this situation that Jeremy pins his hopes of killing his childhood bully. In the Moby Dick chapter, Ishmael talks of how it makes them brothers, and that if Queequeeg should fall, he should undeservedly fall to his death, too. Chapter 73 Involves the killing of a whale whose head is mounted on the side of the ship, but the brunt of the conversation involves the claims that Fedallah is influencing Ahab with his false promises that a ship adorned by two whales heads can never founder, and that he is indeed the devil, with his hidden tail. He seems to lengthen Ahab's shadow, hiding and crouching in it, and encourage the obsession. Chapter 74 is relevant in describing one whale's head — one that has eyes on both sides but can never see behind or in front, even if an enemy were coming at it from the front with “knife raised”. Clearly this is the inspiration for Jeremy's frantic question: “Should I show him the knife?” Chapter 75 describes the other head mounted on the side, mostly in terms of its huge pouty lip, and stresses its differences from the other whale. The ending description, directly quoted in the text, says “The Right Whale I take to have been a Stoic; the Sperm Whale a Platononian, who might have taken up Spinoza in his later years.” These two decapitated whales match pretty well to Stursa and Jeremy: the Stoic Stursa who says he always liked literary things but just went along with athletics because he was good at it, and looks on the bright side of being moved back upstairs: “It won't be so bad. I'll be able to see over the side again, and it's good for your legs. I guess everybody was surprised I came to the reading today — I always kind of liked that stuff, only I didn't want to say so. You know how the guys are. — I didn't want to interrupt your reading. I just wanted to say, you know, that a guy does what he's good at. — You can't blame us, can you” We were just kids. This is more or less his attempt at apologizing to Jeremy for throwing him, and it also shows that Stoic take life as it comes attitude and accept it without much reflection. This is contrapoised against the world of ideas and books that have a dualistic nature to some degree, reflections of a higher world that seem literary and platonian in nature — and in old age, bookish Jeremy has latched upon Spinoza's form of ethics too — that things are not inherently good and evil, simply good and evil for men in their outcome. Thus he has justified his vengeance. From his perspective, it will be good for him, bad for Stursa. Both whale heads are, however, decapitated, and soon to be sunken before the Pequod itself founders below in its quest for Moby Dick — this sterile island is doomed to crash into the earth soon, too — coming too close the impossible dream of returning to a livable earth, an earth ruined by man, will destroy it. PAUL OF TARSUS AND CHARLES STURSA: The wolfe wiki also notes that Paul's famous Civus Romanus Sum — “I am a Roman Citizen” to delay his trail until he could be transported to Rome is mirrored in the title; “I am a Citizen of Laputa” - Laputa being the floating island of sterile and impractical intellectuals who can't do anything that isn't abstract in Gulliver's Travels. While Stursa does not seem as intellectual as Paul, he does say that as a Slav he has been stomped upon, and he at first persecutes the academics (by throwing them into a bush, for example) and then joins them, just as Saul persecuted the Christians before his conversion. He makes a conciliatory gesture with Jeremy. This will prove personally costly, though all of them seem doomed anyway. In history, Paul is beheaded, a nice little echo of the beheaded whale head on the side of the Pequod, whose giant lip Jeremy imagines as Stursa's pouting lip pressing against the wall before he cuts the rope. While Stursa is a legitimate Slavic name, I could find no sure meaning attached to it, so perhaps the rearrangement of the letters into Tarsus really does have some merit symbolically. The German word stur indicates an obstinate or willful man, but I do not know if there is any linguistic connection at all. ATTITUDE TOWARDS UNIVERSITY/SCHOLASTIC LIFE Wolfe's take on academics is given voice in his introduction to *Storeys from the Old Hotel*: "Civis Laputus Sum is one of my periodic semiserious hits at academics, who often seem to feel that the only good writer is a dead writer. I do it mostly to show that I'm not good yet, and because it's such fun to see tenured professors who've built whole careers on criticizing some poor bastard who had to hustle to make the rent bluster and huff when they're criticized a bit themselves. In “Morning Glory”, the soulless misery and yearning for a higher truth in darkened tunnels showed colleges as separate from the glory of the mystical and holy, repetitious pattern and research expectations leading to an inescapable maze. This look is much simpler: bitter, ineffectual academics dreaming revenge on dim, more respected athletes, who will age and be unable to play the games that mean so much to them in time, and become relatively “useless” far sooner than their academic counterparts — though here all aspects of the university seem impractical — the people with the need to “do” have already left in helicopters, and no one can repair the systems: “Have you ever thought of what might happen if we were to drift into the Antarctic” We could be driven to the ground by snow and ice. From that standpoint the listing is actually beneficial, since it will enable the island to shed the stuff more readily. Until we get our guidance system back — if we ever do — I say list away. Both the Blazers who age and the Disagreeables who recite their poetry and hollow academic ideas will have no lasting impact, and their sterile Laputan University is doomed to capsize soon. I think the narrative voice encapsulates the attitude towards the inutility of the majority of study at the university: derivative critics rather than artists, and so much resource spent on meaningless games — and this is the future that was deemed worthy of being saved above the fog? The head of the academics is Professor Conne, with its obvious aural connotation. THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE TIMELINE: Well, it sounds as if the world has become cooler and more lush under the fog: the Arizona deserts have become rainforests, with giant trees everywhere. This verdant future has come at the cost of probably unlivable conditions under the fog cover: ?They released some finely divided substance that catalyzes and maintains it. Fifty years ago they knew that pollution over St. Louis was causing fine, dirty rains -? The only confusing aspect of this is whether that release was just accidental or intentional, since the fog is not called by the more pejorative term smog. Intentional release to combat pollutants and cool the earth gone wrong or incidental result of poor pollution control? Jeremy's claims to see a whale below are somewhat dubiously considered. St Louis actually experienced a ?day the sun didn't shine' in 1939, a dark fog which lingered for 9 days. If Jeremy is referring to this event, this could place the timeline of the story in the mid 1990s, though it seems the island has been floating for about 15 years. (Obviously a post-1975 publication date launch). There is an odd statement Jeremy makes, saying his murder will be “the first time in five thousand years one of us has taken the life of one of them.” If taken literally, this really complicates the time line. More likely he is just exaggerating the importance of their animosity. Is he talking about Biblical creation? Certainly a scholar has defeated an athlete through indirect means before, but to attribute “Disagreeables” and “Blazers” as having a 5000 year animosity is quite subjectively skewed. The “us” and ?them? dichotomy is probably 15 years old, or, in a more collegiate sense, at best a few hundred years old in terms of ill will between athletes and scholars. UNANSWERED QUESTIONS: How literally will the existential filming of Moby Dick be made? (On the doomed island about to crash, existentialism seems a pretty good philosophical backdrop). If it is at all accurate to the set up of the book, Ishmael and Queequeeg will actually be tied together, but in the text Jeremy indicates that “It would be I, Ishmael, who would pretend to hold the rope.” If Jeremy were to show the knife at that point and it were faithful to the book Moby Dick, it is quite clear Stursa is as strong as he ever was and might be able to stoically cast them both over the side. If it is less faithful to the book and the monkey rope is tied to an object instead, then Jeremy is safe, though he must fear the obvious murder being filmed and might be tossed over the side as well in reaction, as the Platonian/Spinozan whale head was in Moby Dick. What is the book that Jeremy has found and talks to? Can it be deduced? Is it a volume by Wolfe? Something by Hawthorn or Poe, in light of the gloating murderous “Should I show the him the knife” ... Should I show him the knife? as he reads by the hawthorns? Probably not, but he speaks to the book as if it were alive — the story is the “you” he addresses. --- ### Fred Kiesche *29 Apr 2014, 19:00 · in reply to Marc Aramini* NEWSFLASH: This e-mail did not end up (first) in the spam folder. Went right into the inbox. > On Tue, Apr 29, 2014 at 2:33 PM, Marc Aramini wrote: > * "Forlesen", number 60 needs a bit more polish but I will finish it. I > am skipping ahead temporarily. Also testing this new email - hope it is > not spammed. > > > "Civis Laputus Sum" appeared in *Dystopian Visions* in 1975 and is > reprinted in *Storeys from the Old Hotel*. The wolfe-wiki does an > excellent job in identifying several of the references, but I want to take > a closer look at the symbolism of the whales' heads in the chapters of *Moby > Dick* Jeremy has memorized, as I believe those heads map to Stursa and > Jeremy pretty perfectly. > > > SUMMARY: > > Our narrator Jeremy, a scholar on a floating island university consisting > of literary academics called Disagreeables and aging athletes called > Blazers, finds a book which has escaped the burning and purging of many > other volumes. He sits down to read it and begins to talk to it (or rather, > its long gone author). His place on the edge of the floating island, hidden > behind the hawthorns, is seldom visited by anyone because of the proximity > to the drop - the Blazers fear their balls might be thrown over. Below, fog > has covered the earth. The majority of books have been burned long ago and > the library space used for games. One of the antigravity units is failing > and causes the island to list and sway - it's failure is considered > inevitable. > > > The university was launched probably 15 years before this point from > Philadelphia, and the academics continue to hold their sterile meetings and > have memorized *Moby Dick. *As Jeremy talks with Marcia, an aging athlete > trips and falls, almost hitting them. His fellow Blazers jeer and laugh at > him. As they attend their scholarly meeting, Stursa, the aging athlete, > shows up. Jeremy then finds his book in the basement of the library where > it escaped incineration and goes to read it, and Stursa comes to speak to > him. There, the attempted reconciliation by Stursa for their youthful > disagreement, in which Stursa threw Jeremy into a bush, proceeds. Jeremy > seizes the opportunity to tell Stursa they need a man to play Queequeeg in > their existential adaptation of Moby Dick, with the fog bound earth being > the Whale itself and the island as the ship. Jeremy will play Ishmael, and > he brings up the scene where Queequeeg must bravely dangle on the side of > the ship. He can finally have Stursa at his mercy, where he can cut him > free and send him to his doom ... the only question remains: "Should I show > [Stursa] the knife?" > > > COMMENTARY: > > > It does seem that the books are utilized for fuel or for some purpose in > keeping them aloft - while both factions are somewhat juvenile and less > than adult, the lack of practicality and passion found in the > Disagreeables, from the motley one eyed lens of Marcia to the dispassionate > recital of scholarly work to which only Stursa listens attentively, would > seem to indicate that there is a practical reason for the burning to which > they object. In addition, the adequate food stores and the relative > emptiness of the island indicates that use of library space is not the > primary issue. It seems that they are burning them gradually, as there are > still personal books to read. The poem Marcia writes that flatters Jeremy > as the "iron watcher" posits what life is like below: "What do they do in > the fog-locked cities, in the dripping towns of Rome and Albuquerque and > Damascus? There is vegetation, says one who watches - the iron observer of > the stone bench ... Through the parting mists he has seen great trees. Always > great trees." Perhaps the atmosphere is no longer suited to humanity, but > will bring about a world perfect for giant vegetation. Jeremy paraphrases > the rest of her poem, which no one listens to, in which the mist is > compared to a bridal veil like that around Venus. > > > LITERARY REFERENCES: > > Marcia carries a tome by Ezra Pound, Elizabeth Barrett is mentioned, and > Dostoevsky, Turgenev, Twain, Dickens, Orwell, and Agee are listed as being > cast already into the fire. Of course Laputa in the title references the > floating island of impractical scholars in Gulliver's Travels. The whole > situation of choosing to memorize works against the threat of their burning > is of course straight from Bradbury's *Fahrenheit 451*. Let us take a > look at the actual chapters Jeremy's responsibility was to learn: > > > MOBY-DICK: > > Jeremy has memorized chapters 71-75, and these are directly relevant to > the characters' positions, literally and symbolically. > > > Chapter 71 involves the Pequod encountering the Jeroboam, which has been > overcome by a possibly insane man who proclaims himself to be the angel > Gabriel. He has taken over the ship and his prophecy of doom proved correct > for their captain. When Ahab attempts to deliver a letter to the Jeroboam, > which has been stricken with plague, Gabriel returns it at knife point to > Ahab, declaring that his obsession with Moby Dick will cost him to be cast > into the same depths as the Jeroboam's captain. > > > Chapter 72 involves the monkey rope that will tie Queequeeg and Ishmael > together, and it is on this situation that Jeremy pins his hopes of killing > his childhood bully. In the Moby Dick chapter, Ishmael talks of how it > makes them brothers, and that if Queequeeg should fall, he should > undeservedly fall to his death, too. > > > Chapter 73 Involves the killing of a whale whose head is mounted on the > side of the ship, but the brunt of the conversation involves the claims > that Fedallah is influencing Ahab with his false promises that a ship > adorned by two whales heads can never founder, and that he is indeed the > devil, with his hidden tail. He seems to lengthen Ahab's shadow, hiding and > crouching in it, and encourage the obsession. > > > Chapter 74 is relevant in describing one whale's head - one that has > eyes on both sides but can never see behind or in front, even if an enemy > were coming at it from the front with "knife raised". Clearly this is the > inspiration for Jeremy's frantic question: "Should I show him the knife?" > > > Chapter 75 describes the other head mounted on the side, mostly in terms > of its huge pouty lip, and stresses its differences from the other whale. > The ending description, directly quoted in the text, says "The Right Whale > I take to have been a Stoic; the Sperm Whale a Platononian, who might have > taken up Spinoza in his later years." > > These two decapitated whales match pretty well to Stursa and Jeremy: the > Stoic Stursa who says he always liked literary things but just went along > with athletics because he was good at it, and looks on the bright side of > being moved back upstairs: "It won't be so bad. I'll be able to see over > the side again, and it's good for your legs. I guess everybody was > surprised I came to the reading today ... I always kind of liked that stuff, > only I didn't want to say so. You know how the guys are. ... I didn't want to > interrupt your reading. I just wanted to say, you know, that a guy does > what he's good at. ... You can't blame us, can you? We were just kids." This > is more or less his attempt at apologizing to Jeremy for throwing him, and > it also shows that Stoic take life as it comes attitude and accept it > without much reflection. > > > This is contrapoised against the world of ideas and books that have a > dualistic nature to some degree, reflections of a higher world that seem > literary and platonian in nature ... and in old age, bookish Jeremy has > latched upon Spinoza's form of ethics too - that things are not inherently > good and evil, simply good and evil for men in their outcome. Thus he has > justified his vengeance. From his perspective, it will be good for him, bad > for Stursa. Both whale heads are, however, decapitated, and soon to be > sunken before the Pequod itself founders below in its quest for Moby Dick - > this sterile island is doomed to crash into the earth soon, too - coming > too close the impossible dream of returning to a livable earth, an earth > ruined by man, will destroy it. > > > PAUL OF TARSUS AND CHARLES STURSA: > > > The wolfe wiki also notes that Paul's famous Civus Romanus Sum - "I am a > Roman Citizen" to delay his trail until he could be transported to Rome is > mirrored in the title; "I am a Citizen of Laputa" - Laputa being the > floating island of sterile and impractical intellectuals who can't do > anything that isn't abstract in Gulliver's Travels. > > > While Stursa does not seem as intellectual as Paul, he does say that as > a Slav he has been stomped upon, and he at first persecutes the academics > (by throwing them into a bush, for example) and then joins them, just as > Saul persecuted the Christians before his conversion. He makes a > conciliatory gesture with Jeremy. This will prove personally costly, though > all of them seem doomed anyway. > > > In history, Paul is beheaded, a nice little echo of the beheaded whale > head on the side of the Pequod, whose giant lip Jeremy imagines as Stursa's > pouting lip pressing against the wall before he cuts the rope. > > > While Stursa is a legitimate Slavic name, I could find no sure meaning > attached to it, so perhaps the rearrangement of the letters into Tarsus > really does have some merit symbolically. The German word stur indicates an > obstinate or willful man, but I do not know if there is any linguistic > connection at all. > > > ATTITUDE TOWARDS UNIVERSITY/SCHOLASTIC LIFE > > > Wolfe's take on academics is given voice in his introduction to *Storeys > from the Old Hotel*: > > > "Civis Laputus Sum is one of my periodic semiserious hits at academics, > who often seem to feel that the only good writer is a dead writer. I do it > mostly to show that I'm not good yet, and because it's such fun to see > tenured professors who've built whole careers on criticizing some poor > bastard who had to hustle to make the rent bluster and huff when they're > criticized a bit themselves." > > > In "Morning Glory", the soulless misery and yearning for a higher truth > in darkened tunnels showed colleges as separate from the glory of the > mystical and holy, repetitious pattern and research expectations leading to > an inescapable maze. This look is much simpler: bitter, ineffectual > academics dreaming revenge on dim, more respected athletes, who will age > and be unable to play the games that mean so much to them in time, and > become relatively "useless" far sooner than their academic counterparts - > though here all aspects of the university seem impractical - the people > with the need to "do" have already left in helicopters, and no one can > repair the systems: "Have you ever thought of what might happen if we were > to drift into the Antarctic? We could be driven to the ground by snow and > ice. From that standpoint the listing is actually beneficial, since it will > enable the island to shed the stuff more readily. Until we get our guidance > system back - if we ever do - I say list away." > > > Both the Blazers who age and the Disagreeables who recite their poetry > and hollow academic ideas will have no lasting impact, and their sterile > Laputan University is doomed to capsize soon. I think the narrative voice > encapsulates the attitude towards the inutility of the majority of study at > the university: derivative critics rather than artists, and so much > resource spent on meaningless games - and this is the future that was > deemed worthy of being saved above the fog? The head of the academics is > Professor Conne, with its obvious aural connotation. > > > THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE TIMELINE: > > > Well, it sounds as if the world has become cooler and more lush under > the fog: the Arizona deserts have become rainforests, with giant trees > everywhere. This verdant future has come at the cost of probably unlivable > conditions under the fog cover: "They released some finely divided > substance that catalyzes and maintains it. Fifty years ago they knew that > pollution over St. Louis was causing fine, dirty rains -" > > The only confusing aspect of this is whether that release was just > accidental or intentional, since the fog is not called by the more > pejorative term smog. Intentional release to combat pollutants and cool the > earth gone wrong or incidental result of poor pollution control? Jeremy's > claims to see a whale below are somewhat dubiously considered. > > > St Louis actually experienced a "day the sun didn't shine' in 1939, a > dark fog which lingered for 9 days. If Jeremy is referring to this event, > this could place the timeline of the story in the mid 1990s, though it > seems the island has been floating for about 15 years. (Obviously a > post-1975 publication date launch). > > > There is an odd statement Jeremy makes, saying his murder will be "the > first time in five thousand years one of us has taken the life of one of > them." If taken literally, this really complicates the time line. More > likely he is just exaggerating the importance of their animosity. Is he > talking about Biblical creation? Certainly a scholar has defeated an > athlete through indirect means before, but to attribute "Disagreeables" and > "Blazers" as having a 5000 year animosity is quite subjectively skewed. The > "us" and "them" dichotomy is probably 15 years old, or, in a more > collegiate sense, at best a few hundred years old in terms of ill will > between athletes and scholars. > > UNANSWERED QUESTIONS: > > > How literally will the existential filming of Moby Dick be made? (On the > doomed island about to crash, existentialism seems a pretty good > philosophical backdrop). If it is at all accurate to the set up of the > book, Ishmael and Queequeeg will actually be tied together, but in the text > Jeremy indicates that "It would be I, Ishmael, who would pretend to hold > the rope." If Jeremy were to show the knife at that point and it were > faithful to the book Moby Dick, it is quite clear Stursa is as strong as he > ever was and might be able to stoically cast them both over the side. If it > is less faithful to the book and the monkey rope is tied to an object > instead, then Jeremy is safe, though he must fear the obvious murder being > filmed and might be tossed over the side as well in reaction, as the > Platonian/Spinozan whale head was in Moby Dick. > > > What is the book that Jeremy has found and talks to? Can it be deduced? > Is it a volume by Wolfe? Something by Hawthorn or Poe, in light of the > gloating murderous "Should I show the him the knife? ... Should I show him > the knife?" as he reads by the hawthorns? Probably not, but he speaks to > the book as if it were alive - the story is the "you" he addresses. > > _______________________________________________ --- ### Dan'l Danehy-Oakes *29 Apr 2014, 20:00 · in reply to Fred Kiesche* That would be because Marc changed to Gmail. > On Tue, Apr 29, 2014 at 12:00 PM, Fred Kiesche wrote: > NEWSFLASH: This e-mail did not end up (first) in the spam folder. Went > right into the inbox. > > > On Tue, Apr 29, 2014 at 2:33 PM, Marc Aramini wrote: >> * "Forlesen", number 60 needs a bit more polish but I will finish it. I >> am skipping ahead temporarily. Also testing this new email - hope it is >> not spammed. >> >> >> “Civis Laputus Sum” appeared in *Dystopian Visions* in 1975 and is >> reprinted in *Storeys from the Old Hotel*. The wolfe-wiki does an >> excellent job in identifying several of the references, but I want to take >> a closer look at the symbolism of the whales' heads in the chapters of *Moby >> Dick* Jeremy has memorized, as I believe those heads map to Stursa and >> Jeremy pretty perfectly. >> >> >> SUMMARY: >> >> Our narrator Jeremy, a scholar on a floating island university consisting >> of literary academics called Disagreeables and aging athletes called >> Blazers, finds a book which has escaped the burning and purging of many >> other volumes. He sits down to read it and begins to talk to it (or rather, >> its long gone author). His place on the edge of the floating island, hidden >> behind the hawthorns, is seldom visited by anyone because of the proximity >> to the drop — the Blazers fear their balls might be thrown over. Below, fog >> has covered the earth. The majority of books have been burned long ago and >> the library space used for games. One of the antigravity units is failing >> and causes the island to list and sway — it's failure is considered >> inevitable. >> >> >> The university was launched probably 15 years before this point from >> Philadelphia, and the academics continue to hold their sterile meetings and >> have memorized *Moby Dick. *As Jeremy talks with Marcia, an aging >> athlete trips and falls, almost hitting them. His fellow Blazers jeer and >> laugh at him. As they attend their scholarly meeting, Stursa, the aging >> athlete, shows up. Jeremy then finds his book in the basement of the >> library where it escaped incineration and goes to read it, and Stursa comes >> to speak to him. There, the attempted reconciliation by Stursa for their >> youthful disagreement, in which Stursa threw Jeremy into a bush, proceeds. >> Jeremy seizes the opportunity to tell Stursa they need a man to play >> Queequeeg in their existential adaptation of Moby Dick, with the fog bound >> earth being the Whale itself and the island as the ship. Jeremy will play >> Ishmael, and he brings up the scene where Queequeeg must bravely dangle on >> the side of the ship. He can finally have Stursa at his mercy, where he can >> cut him free and send him to his doom — the only question remains: “Should >> I show [Stursa] the knife?” >> >> >> COMMENTARY: >> >> >> It does seem that the books are utilized for fuel or for some purpose >> in keeping them aloft — while both factions are somewhat juvenile and less >> than adult, the lack of practicality and passion found in the >> Disagreeables, from the motley one eyed lens of Marcia to the dispassionate >> recital of scholarly work to which only Stursa listens attentively, would >> seem to indicate that there is a practical reason for the burning to which >> they object. In addition, the adequate food stores and the relative >> emptiness of the island indicates that use of library space is not the >> primary issue. It seems that they are burning them gradually, as there are >> still personal books to read. The poem Marcia writes that flatters Jeremy >> as the “iron watcher” posits what life is like below: “What do they do in >> the fog-locked cities, in the dripping towns of Rome and Albuquerque and >> Damascus” There is vegetation, says one who watches — the iron observer of >> the stone bench — Through the parting mists he has seen great trees. Always >> great trees. Perhaps the atmosphere is no longer suited to humanity, but >> will bring about a world perfect for giant vegetation. Jeremy paraphrases >> the rest of her poem, which no one listens to, in which the mist is >> compared to a bridal veil like that around Venus. >> >> >> LITERARY REFERENCES: >> >> Marcia carries a tome by Ezra Pound, Elizabeth Barrett is mentioned, and >> Dostoevsky, Turgenev, Twain, Dickens, Orwell, and Agee are listed as being >> cast already into the fire. Of course Laputa in the title references the >> floating island of impractical scholars in Gulliver's Travels. The whole >> situation of choosing to memorize works against the threat of their burning >> is of course straight from Bradbury's *Fahrenheit 451*. Let us take a >> look at the actual chapters Jeremy's responsibility was to learn: >> >> >> MOBY-DICK: >> >> Jeremy has memorized chapters 71-75, and these are directly relevant to >> the characters' positions, literally and symbolically. >> >> >> Chapter 71 involves the Pequod encountering the Jeroboam, which has >> been overcome by a possibly insane man who proclaims himself to be the >> angel Gabriel. He has taken over the ship and his prophecy of doom proved >> correct for their captain. When Ahab attempts to deliver a letter to the >> Jeroboam, which has been stricken with plague, Gabriel returns it at knife >> point to Ahab, declaring that his obsession with Moby Dick will cost him to >> be cast into the same depths as the Jeroboam's captain. >> >> >> Chapter 72 involves the monkey rope that will tie Queequeeg and Ishmael >> together, and it is on this situation that Jeremy pins his hopes of killing >> his childhood bully. In the Moby Dick chapter, Ishmael talks of how it >> makes them brothers, and that if Queequeeg should fall, he should >> undeservedly fall to his death, too. >> >> >> Chapter 73 Involves the killing of a whale whose head is mounted on the >> side of the ship, but the brunt of the conversation involves the claims >> that Fedallah is influencing Ahab with his false promises that a ship >> adorned by two whales heads can never founder, and that he is indeed the >> devil, with his hidden tail. He seems to lengthen Ahab's shadow, hiding and >> crouching in it, and encourage the obsession. >> >> >> Chapter 74 is relevant in describing one whale's head — one that has >> eyes on both sides but can never see behind or in front, even if an enemy >> were coming at it from the front with “knife raised”. Clearly this is the >> inspiration for Jeremy's frantic question: “Should I show him the knife?” >> >> >> Chapter 75 describes the other head mounted on the side, mostly in >> terms of its huge pouty lip, and stresses its differences from the other >> whale. The ending description, directly quoted in the text, says “The Right >> Whale I take to have been a Stoic; the Sperm Whale a Platononian, who might >> have taken up Spinoza in his later years.” >> >> These two decapitated whales match pretty well to Stursa and Jeremy: >> the Stoic Stursa who says he always liked literary things but just went >> along with athletics because he was good at it, and looks on the bright >> side of being moved back upstairs: “It won't be so bad. I'll be able to see >> over the side again, and it's good for your legs. I guess everybody was >> surprised I came to the reading today — I always kind of liked that stuff, >> only I didn't want to say so. You know how the guys are. — I didn't want to >> interrupt your reading. I just wanted to say, you know, that a guy does >> what he's good at. — You can't blame us, can you” We were just kids. This >> is more or less his attempt at apologizing to Jeremy for throwing him, and >> it also shows that Stoic take life as it comes attitude and accept it >> without much reflection. >> >> >> This is contrapoised against the world of ideas and books that have a >> dualistic nature to some degree, reflections of a higher world that seem >> literary and platonian in nature — and in old age, bookish Jeremy has >> latched upon Spinoza's form of ethics too — that things are not inherently >> good and evil, simply good and evil for men in their outcome. Thus he has >> justified his vengeance. From his perspective, it will be good for him, bad >> for Stursa. Both whale heads are, however, decapitated, and soon to be >> sunken before the Pequod itself founders below in its quest for Moby Dick ? >> this sterile island is doomed to crash into the earth soon, too — coming >> too close the impossible dream of returning to a livable earth, an earth >> ruined by man, will destroy it. >> >> >> PAUL OF TARSUS AND CHARLES STURSA: >> >> >> The wolfe wiki also notes that Paul's famous Civus Romanus Sum — “I am >> a Roman Citizen” to delay his trail until he could be transported to Rome >> is mirrored in the title; “I am a Citizen of Laputa” - Laputa being the >> floating island of sterile and impractical intellectuals who can't do >> anything that isn't abstract in Gulliver's Travels. >> >> >> While Stursa does not seem as intellectual as Paul, he does say that as >> a Slav he has been stomped upon, and he at first persecutes the academics >> (by throwing them into a bush, for example) and then joins them, just as >> Saul persecuted the Christians before his conversion. He makes a >> conciliatory gesture with Jeremy. This will prove personally costly, though >> all of them seem doomed anyway. >> >> >> In history, Paul is beheaded, a nice little echo of the beheaded whale >> head on the side of the Pequod, whose giant lip Jeremy imagines as Stursa's >> pouting lip pressing against the wall before he cuts the rope. >> >> >> While Stursa is a legitimate Slavic name, I could find no sure meaning >> attached to it, so perhaps the rearrangement of the letters into Tarsus >> really does have some merit symbolically. The German word stur indicates an >> obstinate or willful man, but I do not know if there is any linguistic >> connection at all. >> >> >> ATTITUDE TOWARDS UNIVERSITY/SCHOLASTIC LIFE >> >> >> Wolfe's take on academics is given voice in his introduction to *Storeys >> from the Old Hotel*: >> >> >> "Civis Laputus Sum is one of my periodic semiserious hits at academics, >> who often seem to feel that the only good writer is a dead writer. I do it >> mostly to show that I'm not good yet, and because it's such fun to see >> tenured professors who've built whole careers on criticizing some poor >> bastard who had to hustle to make the rent bluster and huff when they're >> criticized a bit themselves. >> >> >> In “Morning Glory”, the soulless misery and yearning for a higher truth >> in darkened tunnels showed colleges as separate from the glory of the >> mystical and holy, repetitious pattern and research expectations leading to >> an inescapable maze. This look is much simpler: bitter, ineffectual >> academics dreaming revenge on dim, more respected athletes, who will age >> and be unable to play the games that mean so much to them in time, and >> become relatively “useless” far sooner than their academic counterparts ? >> though here all aspects of the university seem impractical — the people >> with the need to “do” have already left in helicopters, and no one can >> repair the systems: “Have you ever thought of what might happen if we were >> to drift into the Antarctic” We could be driven to the ground by snow and >> ice. From that standpoint the listing is actually beneficial, since it will >> enable the island to shed the stuff more readily. Until we get our guidance >> system back — if we ever do — I say list away. >> >> >> Both the Blazers who age and the Disagreeables who recite their poetry >> and hollow academic ideas will have no lasting impact, and their sterile >> Laputan University is doomed to capsize soon. I think the narrative voice >> encapsulates the attitude towards the inutility of the majority of study at >> the university: derivative critics rather than artists, and so much >> resource spent on meaningless games — and this is the future that was >> deemed worthy of being saved above the fog? The head of the academics is >> Professor Conne, with its obvious aural connotation. >> >> >> THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE TIMELINE: >> >> >> Well, it sounds as if the world has become cooler and more lush under >> the fog: the Arizona deserts have become rainforests, with giant trees >> everywhere. This verdant future has come at the cost of probably unlivable >> conditions under the fog cover: “They released some finely divided >> substance that catalyzes and maintains it. Fifty years ago they knew that >> pollution over St. Louis was causing fine, dirty rains -? >> >> The only confusing aspect of this is whether that release was just >> accidental or intentional, since the fog is not called by the more >> pejorative term smog. Intentional release to combat pollutants and cool the >> earth gone wrong or incidental result of poor pollution control” Jeremy's >> claims to see a whale below are somewhat dubiously considered. >> >> >> St Louis actually experienced a “day the sun didn't shine' in 1939, a >> dark fog which lingered for 9 days. If Jeremy is referring to this event, >> this could place the timeline of the story in the mid 1990s, though it >> seems the island has been floating for about 15 years. (Obviously a >> post-1975 publication date launch). >> >> >> There is an odd statement Jeremy makes, saying his murder will be ?the >> first time in five thousand years one of us has taken the life of one of >> them.” If taken literally, this really complicates the time line. More >> likely he is just exaggerating the importance of their animosity. Is he >> talking about Biblical creation? Certainly a scholar has defeated an >> athlete through indirect means before, but to attribute “Disagreeables” and >> “Blazers” as having a 5000 year animosity is quite subjectively skewed. The >> “us” and ?them? dichotomy is probably 15 years old, or, in a more >> collegiate sense, at best a few hundred years old in terms of ill will >> between athletes and scholars. >> >> UNANSWERED QUESTIONS: >> >> >> How literally will the existential filming of Moby Dick be made? (On >> the doomed island about to crash, existentialism seems a pretty good >> philosophical backdrop). If it is at all accurate to the set up of the >> book, Ishmael and Queequeeg will actually be tied together, but in the text >> Jeremy indicates that “It would be I, Ishmael, who would pretend to hold >> the rope.” If Jeremy were to show the knife at that point and it were >> faithful to the book Moby Dick, it is quite clear Stursa is as strong as he >> ever was and might be able to stoically cast them both over the side. If it >> is less faithful to the book and the monkey rope is tied to an object >> instead, then Jeremy is safe, though he must fear the obvious murder being >> filmed and might be tossed over the side as well in reaction, as the >> Platonian/Spinozan whale head was in Moby Dick. >> >> >> What is the book that Jeremy has found and talks to? Can it be deduced? >> Is it a volume by Wolfe? Something by Hawthorn or Poe, in light of the >> gloating murderous “Should I show the him the knife” ... Should I show him >> the knife? as he reads by the hawthorns? Probably not, but he speaks to >> the book as if it were alive — the story is the “you” he addresses. >> >> _______________________________________________ --- ### Marc Aramini *29 Apr 2014, 20:13 · in reply to Dan'l Danehy-Oakes* Just for you guys ;) Glad it worked. Easy to pick an email when I am the only Marc Aramini in the US, and guys in Italy are Marcos. Sent from my iPhone > On Apr 29, 2014, at 1:00 PM, "Dan'l Danehy-Oakes" wrote: > That would be because Marc changed to Gmail. > > > On Tue, Apr 29, 2014 at 12:00 PM, Fred Kiesche wrote: >> NEWSFLASH: This e-mail did not end up (first) in the spam folder. Went right into the inbox. --- ### Mo Holkar *29 Apr 2014, 21:47 · in reply to Marc Aramini* > At 19:33 29/04/2014, you wrote: > There is an odd statement Jeremy makes, saying > his murder will be "the first time in five > thousand years one of us has taken the life of > one of them."? If taken literally, this really > complicates the time line. More likely he is > just exaggerating the importance of their > animosity. Is he talking about Biblical creation? In the Ussherian Biblical chronology, five thousand years prior to the 1990s (ie. 3000 BC) is some time prior to the Flood, among the uneventful list of patriarchs in Genesis 5. I had wondered if Jeremy was referring loosely to Cain and Abel: but that would be more like six thousand years. Also, hard to make that story match the theme of scholars vs athletes. (Of course, it may be a reference to a non-Christian myth.) On another note, I'd be interested if any Latinist can explain why it's 'Laputus' rather than 'Laputanus' in the title. It seems an unlikely slip, for Wolfe. best, Mo # ~ # ~ # WolfeWiki -- a wiki about Gene Wolfe http://www.wolfewiki.com/pmwiki/ --- ### Marc Aramini *30 Apr 2014, 16:34 · in reply to Marc Aramini* Mo, I was thinking of Cain and Abel as well, since Jeremy does say that every story should begin "In the beginning God created the heavens and the Earth" (paraphrasing off the top of my head)... BUT he is an academic, and one considering murder ... I don't think it is a reference to a non-Christian myth, but just kind of a "rounding" of 6,000 to 5,000. I am not a Latinist, but is there a distinction between adjectives and objects in Latin? A difference between, say, I am of Laputa or I am Laputan? Probably irrelevant without something like the Spanish "de" anyway. Probably because the Romanus echo sounds more like Laputus and because these guys are useless scholars, and they are the ones speaking. Even the Kennedy quote then immediately made a mistake, something about jelly donuts, right? > On Tue, Apr 29, 2014 at 2:47 PM, Mo Holkar wrote: > At 19:33 29/04/2014, you wrote: >> There is an odd statement Jeremy makes, saying his murder will be "the >> first time in five thousand years one of us has taken the life of one of >> them." If taken literally, this really complicates the time line. More >> likely he is just exaggerating the importance of their animosity. Is he >> talking about Biblical creation? > In the Ussherian Biblical chronology, five thousand years prior to the > 1990s (ie. 3000 BC) is some time prior to the Flood, among the uneventful > list of patriarchs in Genesis 5. I had wondered if Jeremy was referring > loosely to Cain and Abel: but that would be more like six thousand years. > Also, hard to make that story match the theme of scholars vs athletes. > > (Of course, it may be a reference to a non-Christian myth.) > > > On another note, I'd be interested if any Latinist can explain why it's > 'Laputus' rather than 'Laputanus' in the title. It seems an unlikely slip, > for Wolfe. > > best, > > Mo > > > # ~ # ~ # > > WolfeWiki -- a wiki about Gene Wolfe > http://www.wolfewiki.com/pmwiki/ > _______________________________________________ --- ### Marc Aramini *30 Apr 2014, 16:50 · in reply to Marc Aramini* One more thing that I think is pertinent to Wolfe's criticism of academics is the obscurity of Melville during his life and his general disregard, and then a resurgence early in the 20th century of "rediscovery" - such that in the story, all the academics can think to do is memorize Moby Dick. Thus his comments, only dead authors are good to them. > On Tue, Apr 29, 2014 at 2:47 PM, Mo Holkar wrote: > At 19:33 29/04/2014, you wrote: >> There is an odd statement Jeremy makes, saying his murder will be "the >> first time in five thousand years one of us has taken the life of one of >> them." If taken literally, this really complicates the time line. More >> likely he is just exaggerating the importance of their animosity. Is he >> talking about Biblical creation? > In the Ussherian Biblical chronology, five thousand years prior to the > 1990s (ie. 3000 BC) is some time prior to the Flood, among the uneventful > list of patriarchs in Genesis 5. I had wondered if Jeremy was referring > loosely to Cain and Abel: but that would be more like six thousand years. > Also, hard to make that story match the theme of scholars vs athletes. > > (Of course, it may be a reference to a non-Christian myth.) > > > On another note, I'd be interested if any Latinist can explain why it's > 'Laputus' rather than 'Laputanus' in the title. It seems an unlikely slip, > for Wolfe. > > best, > > Mo > > > # ~ # ~ # > > WolfeWiki -- a wiki about Gene Wolfe > http://www.wolfewiki.com/pmwiki/ > _______________________________________________ --- ### Marc Aramini *30 Apr 2014, 18:56 · in reply to Marc Aramini* Could be the jealousy over the idea of one favored by God (athletically) which results in murderously slaying your brother (there is a whole lot of talk in the Queequeeg/Ishmael monkey rope chapter of the two as brothers, and the two whale heads are both in the same predicament on the side of the Pequod) ... so it becomes a situation where one brother who was disfavored and slighted in his mind by God killing the favored ... Couldn't be a David and Goliath situation, which was probably closer to 3000 years before. > On Tue, Apr 29, 2014 at 2:47 PM, Mo Holkar wrote: > At 19:33 29/04/2014, you wrote: >> There is an odd statement Jeremy makes, saying his murder will be "the >> first time in five thousand years one of us has taken the life of one of >> them." If taken literally, this really complicates the time line. More >> likely he is just exaggerating the importance of their animosity. Is he >> talking about Biblical creation? > In the Ussherian Biblical chronology, five thousand years prior to the > 1990s (ie. 3000 BC) is some time prior to the Flood, among the uneventful > list of patriarchs in Genesis 5. I had wondered if Jeremy was referring > loosely to Cain and Abel: but that would be more like six thousand years. > Also, hard to make that story match the theme of scholars vs athletes. > > (Of course, it may be a reference to a non-Christian myth.) > > > On another note, I'd be interested if any Latinist can explain why it's > 'Laputus' rather than 'Laputanus' in the title. It seems an unlikely slip, > for Wolfe. > > best, > > Mo > > > # ~ # ~ # > > WolfeWiki -- a wiki about Gene Wolfe > http://www.wolfewiki.com/pmwiki/ > _______________________________________________ --- ### entonio at gmail.com *30 Apr 2014, 20:32 · in reply to Marc Aramini* No dia 29/04/2014, ?s 22:47, Mo Holkar escreveu: > At 19:33 29/04/2014, you wrote: >> There is an odd statement Jeremy makes, saying his murder will be "the first time in five thousand years one of us has taken the life of one of them."? If taken literally, this really complicates the time line. More likely he is just exaggerating the importance of their animosity. Is he talking about Biblical creation? > In the Ussherian Biblical chronology, five thousand years prior to the 1990s (ie. 3000 BC) is some time prior to the Flood, among the uneventful list of patriarchs in Genesis 5. I had wondered if Jeremy was referring loosely to Cain and Abel: but that would be more like six thousand years. Also, hard to make that story match the theme of scholars vs athletes. I doubt it is either. I recall having thought of something when I first read it, but can't remember what. > (Of course, it may be a reference to a non-Christian myth.) > > > On another note, I'd be interested if any Latinist can explain why it's 'Laputus' rather than 'Laputanus' in the title. It seems an unlikely slip, for Wolfe. That kind of derivation does exist. Or both may be adjectives. I haven't a dictionary at hand; I just wanted to say it's not, at first sight, a mistake. It may be a clue! --- ### entonio at gmail.com *30 Apr 2014, 20:36 · in reply to Marc Aramini* The theme of the elder brother being out of favour runs throughout the whole Bible, it would be hard to consider a specific case as standing out. No dia 30/04/2014, ?s 19:56, Marc Aramini escreveu: > Could be the jealousy over the idea of one favored by God (athletically) which results in murderously slaying your brother (there is a whole lot of talk in the Queequeeg/Ishmael monkey rope chapter of the two as brothers, and the two whale heads are both in the same predicament on the side of the Pequod) ... so it becomes a situation where one brother who was disfavored and slighted in his mind by God killing the favored ... Couldn't be a David and Goliath situation, which was probably closer to 3000 years before. > > > On Tue, Apr 29, 2014 at 2:47 PM, Mo Holkar wrote: > At 19:33 29/04/2014, you wrote: > There is an odd statement Jeremy makes, saying his murder will be "the first time in five thousand years one of us has taken the life of one of them." If taken literally, this really complicates the time line. More likely he is just exaggerating the importance of their animosity. Is he talking about Biblical creation? > > > In the Ussherian Biblical chronology, five thousand years prior to the 1990s (ie. 3000 BC) is some time prior to the Flood, among the uneventful list of patriarchs in Genesis 5. I had wondered if Jeremy was referring loosely to Cain and Abel: but that would be more like six thousand years. Also, hard to make that story match the theme of scholars vs athletes. > > (Of course, it may be a reference to a non-Christian myth.) > > > On another note, I'd be interested if any Latinist can explain why it's 'Laputus' rather than 'Laputanus' in the title. It seems an unlikely slip, for Wolfe. > > best, > > Mo > > > # ~ # ~ # > > WolfeWiki -- a wiki about Gene Wolfe > http://www.wolfewiki.com/pmwiki/ > _______________________________________________ --- ### entonio at gmail.com *30 Apr 2014, 20:36 · in reply to Dan'l Danehy-Oakes* And thus google cements its empire. No dia 29/04/2014, ?s 21:00, "Dan'l Danehy-Oakes" escreveu: > That would be because Marc changed to Gmail. > > > On Tue, Apr 29, 2014 at 12:00 PM, Fred Kiesche wrote: > NEWSFLASH: This e-mail did not end up (first) in the spam folder. Went right into the inbox. > > > On Tue, Apr 29, 2014 at 2:33 PM, Marc Aramini wrote: > * "Forlesen", number 60 needs a bit more polish but I will finish it. I am skipping ahead temporarily. Also testing this new email - hope it is not spammed. > > “Civis Laputus Sum” appeared in Dystopian Visions in 1975 and is reprinted in Storeys from the Old Hotel. The wolfe-wiki does an excellent job in identifying several of the references, but I want to take a closer look at the symbolism of the whales' heads in the chapters of Moby Dick Jeremy has memorized, as I believe those heads map to Stursa and Jeremy pretty perfectly. > > SUMMARY: > Our narrator Jeremy, a scholar on a floating island university consisting of literary academics called Disagreeables and aging athletes called Blazers, finds a book which has escaped the burning and purging of many other volumes. He sits down to read it and begins to talk to it (or rather, its long gone author). His place on the edge of the floating island, hidden behind the hawthorns, is seldom visited by anyone because of the proximity to the drop — the Blazers fear their balls might be thrown over. Below, fog has covered the earth. The majority of books have been burned long ago and the library space used for games. One of the antigravity units is failing and causes the island to list and sway — it's failure is considered inevitable. > > The university was launched probably 15 years before this point from Philadelphia, and the academics continue to hold their sterile meetings and have memorized Moby Dick. As Jeremy talks with Marcia, an aging athlete trips and falls, almost hitting them. His fellow Blazers jeer and laugh at him. As they attend their scholarly meeting, Stursa, the aging athlete, shows up. Jeremy then finds his book in the basement of the library where it escaped incineration and goes to read it, and Stursa comes to speak to him. There, the attempted reconciliation by Stursa for their youthful disagreement, in which Stursa threw Jeremy into a bush, proceeds. Jeremy seizes the opportunity to tell Stursa they need a man to play Queequeeg in their existential adaptation of Moby Dick, with the fog bound earth being the Whale itself and the island as the ship. Jeremy will play Ishmael, and he brings up the scene where Queequeeg must bravely dangle on the side of the ship. He can finally have Stursa at his mercy, where he can cut him free and send him to his doom — the only question remains: “Should I show [Stursa] the knife?” > > COMMENTARY: > > It does seem that the books are utilized for fuel or for some purpose in keeping them aloft — while both factions are somewhat juvenile and less than adult, the lack of practicality and passion found in the Disagreeables, from the motley one eyed lens of Marcia to the dispassionate recital of scholarly work to which only Stursa listens attentively, would seem to indicate that there is a practical reason for the burning to which they object. In addition, the adequate food stores and the relative emptiness of the island indicates that use of library space is not the primary issue. It seems that they are burning them gradually, as there are still personal books to read. The poem Marcia writes that flatters Jeremy as the “iron watcher” posits what life is like below: “What do they do in the fog-locked cities, in the dripping towns of Rome and Albuquerque and Damascus” There is vegetation, says one who watches — the iron observer of the stone bench — Through the parting mists he has seen great trees. Always great trees. Perhaps the atmosphere is no longer suited to humanity, but will bring about a world perfect for giant vegetation. Jeremy paraphrases the rest of her poem, which no one listens to, in which the mist is compared to a bridal veil like that around Venus. > > LITERARY REFERENCES: > Marcia carries a tome by Ezra Pound, Elizabeth Barrett is mentioned, and Dostoevsky, Turgenev, Twain, Dickens, Orwell, and Agee are listed as being cast already into the fire. Of course Laputa in the title references the floating island of impractical scholars in Gulliver's Travels. The whole situation of choosing to memorize works against the threat of their burning is of course straight from Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451. Let us take a look at the actual chapters Jeremy's responsibility was to learn: > > MOBY-DICK: > Jeremy has memorized chapters 71-75, and these are directly relevant to the characters' positions, literally and symbolically. > > Chapter 71 involves the Pequod encountering the Jeroboam, which has been overcome by a possibly insane man who proclaims himself to be the angel Gabriel. He has taken over the ship and his prophecy of doom proved correct for their captain. When Ahab attempts to deliver a letter to the Jeroboam, which has been stricken with plague, Gabriel returns it at knife point to Ahab, declaring that his obsession with Moby Dick will cost him to be cast into the same depths as the Jeroboam's captain. > > Chapter 72 involves the monkey rope that will tie Queequeeg and Ishmael together, and it is on this situation that Jeremy pins his hopes of killing his childhood bully. In the Moby Dick chapter, Ishmael talks of how it makes them brothers, and that if Queequeeg should fall, he should undeservedly fall to his death, too. > > Chapter 73 Involves the killing of a whale whose head is mounted on the side of the ship, but the brunt of the conversation involves the claims that Fedallah is influencing Ahab with his false promises that a ship adorned by two whales heads can never founder, and that he is indeed the devil, with his hidden tail. He seems to lengthen Ahab's shadow, hiding and crouching in it, and encourage the obsession. > > Chapter 74 is relevant in describing one whale's head — one that has eyes on both sides but can never see behind or in front, even if an enemy were coming at it from the front with “knife raised”. Clearly this is the inspiration for Jeremy's frantic question: “Should I show him the knife?” > > Chapter 75 describes the other head mounted on the side, mostly in terms of its huge pouty lip, and stresses its differences from the other whale. The ending description, directly quoted in the text, says “The Right Whale I take to have been a Stoic; the Sperm Whale a Platononian, who might have taken up Spinoza in his later years.” > These two decapitated whales match pretty well to Stursa and Jeremy: the Stoic Stursa who says he always liked literary things but just went along with athletics because he was good at it, and looks on the bright side of being moved back upstairs: “It won't be so bad. I'll be able to see over the side again, and it's good for your legs. I guess everybody was surprised I came to the reading today — I always kind of liked that stuff, only I didn't want to say so. You know how the guys are. — I didn't want to interrupt your reading. I just wanted to say, you know, that a guy does what he's good at. — You can't blame us, can you” We were just kids. This is more or less his attempt at apologizing to Jeremy for throwing him, and it also shows that Stoic take life as it comes attitude and accept it without much reflection. > > This is contrapoised against the world of ideas and books that have a dualistic nature to some degree, reflections of a higher world that seem literary and platonian in nature — and in old age, bookish Jeremy has latched upon Spinoza's form of ethics too — that things are not inherently good and evil, simply good and evil for men in their outcome. Thus he has justified his vengeance. From his perspective, it will be good for him, bad for Stursa. Both whale heads are, however, decapitated, and soon to be sunken before the Pequod itself founders below in its quest for Moby Dick — this sterile island is doomed to crash into the earth soon, too — coming too close the impossible dream of returning to a livable earth, an earth ruined by man, will destroy it. > > PAUL OF TARSUS AND CHARLES STURSA: > > The wolfe wiki also notes that Paul's famous Civus Romanus Sum — “I am a Roman Citizen” to delay his trail until he could be transported to Rome is mirrored in the title; “I am a Citizen of Laputa” - Laputa being the floating island of sterile and impractical intellectuals who can't do anything that isn't abstract in Gulliver's Travels. > > While Stursa does not seem as intellectual as Paul, he does say that as a Slav he has been stomped upon, and he at first persecutes the academics (by throwing them into a bush, for example) and then joins them, just as Saul persecuted the Christians before his conversion. He makes a conciliatory gesture with Jeremy. This will prove personally costly, though all of them seem doomed anyway. > > In history, Paul is beheaded, a nice little echo of the beheaded whale head on the side of the Pequod, whose giant lip Jeremy imagines as Stursa's pouting lip pressing against the wall before he cuts the rope. > > While Stursa is a legitimate Slavic name, I could find no sure meaning attached to it, so perhaps the rearrangement of the letters into Tarsus really does have some merit symbolically. The German word stur indicates an obstinate or willful man, but I do not know if there is any linguistic connection at all. > > ATTITUDE TOWARDS UNIVERSITY/SCHOLASTIC LIFE > > Wolfe's take on academics is given voice in his introduction to Storeys from the Old Hotel: > > "Civis Laputus Sum is one of my periodic semiserious hits at academics, who often seem to feel that the only good writer is a dead writer. I do it mostly to show that I'm not good yet, and because it's such fun to see tenured professors who've built whole careers on criticizing some poor bastard who had to hustle to make the rent bluster and huff when they're criticized a bit themselves. > > In “Morning Glory”, the soulless misery and yearning for a higher truth in darkened tunnels showed colleges as separate from the glory of the mystical and holy, repetitious pattern and research expectations leading to an inescapable maze. This look is much simpler: bitter, ineffectual academics dreaming revenge on dim, more respected athletes, who will age and be unable to play the games that mean so much to them in time, and become relatively “useless” far sooner than their academic counterparts — though here all aspects of the university seem impractical — the people with the need to “do” have already left in helicopters, and no one can repair the systems: “Have you ever thought of what might happen if we were to drift into the Antarctic” We could be driven to the ground by snow and ice. From that standpoint the listing is actually beneficial, since it will enable the island to shed the stuff more readily. Until we get our guidance system back — if we ever do — I say list away. > > Both the Blazers who age and the Disagreeables who recite their poetry and hollow academic ideas will have no lasting impact, and their sterile Laputan University is doomed to capsize soon. I think the narrative voice encapsulates the attitude towards the inutility of the majority of study at the university: derivative critics rather than artists, and so much resource spent on meaningless games — and this is the future that was deemed worthy of being saved above the fog? The head of the academics is Professor Conne, with its obvious aural connotation. > > THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE TIMELINE: > > Well, it sounds as if the world has become cooler and more lush under the fog: the Arizona deserts have become rainforests, with giant trees everywhere. This verdant future has come at the cost of probably unlivable conditions under the fog cover: “They released some finely divided substance that catalyzes and maintains it. Fifty years ago they knew that pollution over St. Louis was causing fine, dirty rains -? > The only confusing aspect of this is whether that release was just accidental or intentional, since the fog is not called by the more pejorative term smog. Intentional release to combat pollutants and cool the earth gone wrong or incidental result of poor pollution control” Jeremy's claims to see a whale below are somewhat dubiously considered. > > St Louis actually experienced a “day the sun didn't shine' in 1939, a dark fog which lingered for 9 days. If Jeremy is referring to this event, this could place the timeline of the story in the mid 1990s, though it seems the island has been floating for about 15 years. (Obviously a post-1975 publication date launch). > > There is an odd statement Jeremy makes, saying his murder will be ?the first time in five thousand years one of us has taken the life of one of them.” If taken literally, this really complicates the time line. More likely he is just exaggerating the importance of their animosity. Is he talking about Biblical creation? Certainly a scholar has defeated an athlete through indirect means before, but to attribute “Disagreeables” and “Blazers” as having a 5000 year animosity is quite subjectively skewed. The “us” and ?them? dichotomy is probably 15 years old, or, in a more collegiate sense, at best a few hundred years old in terms of ill will between athletes and scholars. > UNANSWERED QUESTIONS: > > How literally will the existential filming of Moby Dick be made? (On the doomed island about to crash, existentialism seems a pretty good philosophical backdrop). If it is at all accurate to the set up of the book, Ishmael and Queequeeg will actually be tied together, but in the text Jeremy indicates that “It would be I, Ishmael, who would pretend to hold the rope.” If Jeremy were to show the knife at that point and it were faithful to the book Moby Dick, it is quite clear Stursa is as strong as he ever was and might be able to stoically cast them both over the side. If it is less faithful to the book and the monkey rope is tied to an object instead, then Jeremy is safe, though he must fear the obvious murder being filmed and might be tossed over the side as well in reaction, as the Platonian/Spinozan whale head was in Moby Dick. > > What is the book that Jeremy has found and talks to? Can it be deduced? Is it a volume by Wolfe? Something by Hawthorn or Poe, in light of the gloating murderous “Should I show the him the knife” ... Should I show him the knife? as he reads by the hawthorns? Probably not, but he speaks to the book as if it were alive — the story is the “you” he addresses. > > _______________________________________________ ---